On Commutative Polarizations

The purpose of this paper is to study finite-dimensional Lie algebras over a field k of characteristic zero which admit a commutative polarization (CP). Among the many results and examples, it is shown that, if k is algebraically closed, the nilradical N of a parabolic subalgebra in A_n and C_n has such a CP. Using this fact a simple closed formula is derived for the index of N.Comment: 34 pages, 2 figures. Submitted to Journal of Algebr

AAA architectures applied in multi-domain IMS (IP multimedia subsystem)

There is a group of communication services that use\ud resources from multiple domains in order to deliver their service.\ud Authorization of the end-user is important for such services,\ud because several domains are involved. There are no current\ud solutions for delivering authentication, authorization and\ud accounting (AAA) to multi-domain services. In our study we\ud present two architectures for the delivery of AAA to such\ud services. The architectures are analyzed on their qualitative\ud aspects. A result of this analysis is that direct interconnection of\ud AAA servers is an effective architectural solution. In current\ud multi-domain IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) architectures,\ud direct interconnection of AAA servers, such as the Home\ud Subscriber Servers (HSS), is not yet possible. In this paper we\ud argue and recommend to extend the IMS specification by adding\ud a new interface to HSS in order to support the direct\ud interconnection of HSS/AAA servers located in different IMS\ud administrative domains

The Human Right to Health and Global Health Politics

This chapter discusses how the human right to health could be and has been used to influence global health politics to place greater emphasis on the interests of all people. It explores whether this right is a norm to which states adhere, or could adhere, because they identify with its underlying values. Three important obstacles are addressed. Global HIV/AIDS activism used the right to health to pressure influential states into compliance on concrete measures and therefore defined an important element of the human right to health. Earlier attempts to use this right to influence global health politics failed to advance similarly concrete measures. Those who want to use the right to health in support of universal health coverage should understand the strengths and weaknesses of this tool and advocate for concrete measures rather than broad principles

The global fight against trans fat: the potential role of international trade and law

Non-communicable diseases in general and cardiovascular diseases in particular are a leading cause of death globally. Trans-fat consumption is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The World Health Organization’s ‘REPLACE’ action package of 2018 aims to eliminate it completely in the global food supply by 2023. Legislative and other regulatory actions (i.e., banning trans-fat) are considered as effective means to achieve such a goal. Both wealthier and poorer countries are taking or considering action, as shown by the United States food regulations and Cambodian draft food legislation discussed in this paper. This paper reviews these actions and examines public and private stakeholders’ incentives to increase health-protecting or health-promoting standards and regulations at home and abroad, setting the ground for further research on the topic. It focuses on the potential of trade incentives as a potential driver of a ‘race to the top’. While it has been documented that powerful countries use international trade instruments to weaken other countries’ national regulations, at times these powerful countries may also be interested in more stringent regulations abroad to protect their exports from competition from third countries with less stringent regulations. This article explores practical and principled considerations on how such a dynamic may spread trans-fat restrictions globally. It argues that trade dynamics and public health considerations within powerful countries may help to promote anti-trans-fat regulation globally but will not be sufficient and is ethically questionable. True international regulatory cooperation is needed and could be facilitated by the World Health Organization. Nevertheless, the paper highlights that international trade and investment law offers opportunities for anti-trans-fat policy diffusion globally

Core-annular flow through a horizontal pipe: hydrodynamic counterbalancing of buoyancy force on core

A theoretical investigation has been made of core-annular flow: the flow of a high-viscosity liquid core surrounded by a low-viscosity liquid annular layer through a horizontal pipe. Special attention is paid to the question of how the buoyancy force on the core, caused by a density difference between the core and the annular layer, is counterbalanced. From earlier studies it is known that at the interface between the annular layer and the core waves are present that move with respect to the pipe wall. In the present study the core is assumed to consist of a solid center surrounded by a high-viscosity liquid layer. Using hydrodynamic lubrication theory taking into account the flow in the low-viscosity liquid annular layer and in the high-viscosity liquid core layer the development of the interfacial waves is calculated. They generate pressure variations in the core layer and annular layer that can cause a net force on the core. Steady eccentric core-annular flow is found to be possible

Special report: silent disasters.

Disasters occur not only in war and conflict or after natural events, such as earthquakes or floods. In fact, the death of hundreds of thousands of children in Niger every year, often for treatable conditions, could just as well qualify as a disaster situation. A lack of funding for health care and health-care staff and user fee policies for health care in very poor or unstable settings challenge international agreements that make statements about the right to health and access to health care for all people. This paper argues that although sustainable development is important, today many are without essential health care and die in the silent disasters of hunger and poverty. In other words, the development of health care appears to be stalled for the sake of sustainability

The role of interfacial energy in zeolite synthesis

The thermodn. factors playing a role in the crystn. of Si-rich zeolites are discussed. The Ostwald ripening model for nucleation and the Ostwald law of successive transformations make it possible to describe the kinetic phenomena in terms of the relative stability of the intermediate phases. The contribution of the interfacial free energy between the large internal surface area in the micropores and the intracryst. liquor to the chem. potential of the zeolitic material plays a crucial role. A model for the elementary steps occurring in pentasil zeolite formation is propose